What is EOBD

The American Environmental Protection Agency and the European parliament have
set targets for reducing the levels of pollution produced by passenger and commercial vehicles. In order to ensure that these targets can be met, manufacturers are required to build new vehicles which meet increasingly stiff emissions standards. The manufacturers must further maintain these emission standards for the useful life of the vehicle. In order to meet and maintain these standards the vehicles are fitted with On-Board Diagnostic systems which monitor the integrity and effectiveness of all emission related components.

As vehicles are becoming more and more complex, many of the systems fitted to
them are being controlled by electronic control modules. Most vehicles now have multiple control modules (e.g. Engine, Transmission, Body, Suspension, etc.) located at different locations on the vehicle. The On-Board Diagnostic systems are integrated into the vehicle control modules.

With so many different vehicle and component manufacturers, a common nterface
was required to communicate with these control modules. In 1988, the SAE (Society of Automotive Engineers) created a standard that defined a standard diagnostic socket (J1962) and a set of diagnostic test signals.

With the diagnostic socket and diagnostic signals agreed, another standard was produced that defined a universal inspection and diagnosis method to ensure that a vehicle is performing to Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) specifications. This standard is known as EOBD (European On-Board Diagnostics).

The fundamental requirement for an EOBD system is that in the event of an emissions related component fault, a DTC (Diagnostic Trouble Code) will be stored in the memory of the control module responsible for that component, and a Malfunction Indicator Lamp (MIL) will illuminate on the vehicle’s instrument pack to alert the driver. The DTC can then be retrieved using diagnostic equipment to determine the type and status of the fault.

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